.research-topics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem}.research-topics>div{padding:1.7rem;border:1px solid #b1c2e04d;border-radius:1rem;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#23408f0a,#00a0d606);transition:transform .2s,box-shadow .2s}.research-topics>div:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 15px 35px #23408f12}.research-topics span,.activity-role{font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#5275b4;text-transform:uppercase}.research-topics h3{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.4;margin:1rem 0}.research-topics p{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.8;margin:0}.activity-list article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:125px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem;padding:1.75rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #a9b7d03b}.activity-list time{font-size:.82rem;color:#7b89a2}.activity-list h3{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.6;margin:.4rem 0}.activity-list p{font-size:.85rem;opacity:.75;margin:.5rem 0}.activity-list a{font-size:.8rem}.teaching-row{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.teaching-row h3{font-size:1.1rem}.teaching-row h3 span{font-size:.8rem;opacity:.65;margin-left:.75rem}.teaching-row p{font-size:.92rem}.detail{opacity:.75}.honors-list{list-style:none!important;padding:0!important}.honors-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0}.honors-list li>span{font-size:.8rem;opacity:.65}.honors-list small{display:block;opacity:.65;font-size:.8rem}.service-row{margin-bottom:1.75rem}.service-row h3{font-size:1.05rem}.service-row p,.languages p{font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.9}.languages>span{font-weight:600}#contact code{overflow-wrap:anywhere}a:hover{text-underline-offset:4px}.dark .research-topics>div{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#23408f26,#00a0d60c)}@media(max-width:700px){.research-topics{grid-template-columns:1fr}.activity-list article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.5rem}.honors-list li{grid-template-columns:85px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1rem}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.research-topics>div{transition:none}.research-topics>div:hover{transform:none}}

#about .resume-biography{padding-top:4.5rem;padding-bottom:4.5rem}#about .resume-biography h1{letter-spacing:-.04em}#selected .article-metadata{font-size:.8rem}#papers .pub-list-item{padding:1.35rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #a9b7d030;line-height:1.9}#papers .li-cite-author{font-size:.88rem}#papers .pub-list-item>a{font-weight:600}.dark #about{color:#e2e8f0}@media(max-width:700px){#about .resume-biography{padding-top:2.5rem;padding-bottom:3rem}}

.recent-news-list article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:90px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.2rem;padding:1rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #a9b7d030}.news-date{font-size:.8rem;color:#7b89a2;padding-top:.2rem}.recent-news-list p{font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.8;margin:0}.recent-news-list a{font-size:.8rem;white-space:nowrap}.other-publications{max-width:960px;margin:auto}.other-publications>summary{font-weight:600;font-size:1.2rem;cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:1.4rem}.other-publications>summary span{font-size:.85rem;opacity:.65}.other-publications .pub-list-item{padding:1.25rem 0}.other-publications .li-cite-author{font-size:.9rem}#news.home-section{padding-top:3rem;padding-bottom:3rem}@media(max-width:700px){.recent-news-list article{grid-template-columns:70px minmax(0,1fr);gap:.8rem}.recent-news-list p{font-size:.87rem}}

/* Final readability and keyboard-navigation refinements. */
.home-section[id]{scroll-margin-top:5.5rem}
a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #3475db;outline-offset:4px;border-radius:4px}
.news-date,.activity-list time{color:#5e6c82}.dark .news-date,.dark .activity-list time{color:#a8b8d0}
.paper-authors{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.8;color:#5e6c82}.dark .paper-authors{color:#b5c0d1}.paper-authors strong{color:#23408f}.dark .paper-authors strong{color:#9ab9ff}.paper-venue{font-weight:600;color:#23408f}.dark .paper-venue{color:#9ab9ff}.author-note{font-size:.75em;vertical-align:super}
#papers [role="article"]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#papers [role="article"]>div:last-child{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}#papers .paper-authors{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.5rem}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto!important}#papers [role="article"],#papers img{transition:none!important;transform:none!important}}
.dark #papers [role="article"] h3,.dark #papers [role="article"] h3 a{color:#f1f5f9}
.all-publications{max-width:960px;margin:2rem auto 0}

/* Institution logos retain their original files and proportions. */
.institution-identity{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;min-width:0}.institution-identity>div{min-width:0}.school-logo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 80px;width:80px;height:80px;background:#fff;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #e7ecf3;overflow:hidden}.school-logo>span{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:70px;height:64px}.school-logo img{display:block;height:64px!important;width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;object-fit:contain}.school-njust>span{width:64px}.school-njust img{width:64px!important}.school-polyu>span{width:68px}
@media(max-width:640px){.school-logo{flex-basis:64px;width:64px;height:64px}.school-logo>span{transform:scale(.8);flex-shrink:0}.institution-identity{gap:.8rem}}
.school-mbzuai>span{width:77px}

/* Academic journey, earliest to current, immediately below the portrait. */
.profile-school-logos{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.85rem;margin-top:1rem!important}
.profile-school-logos .school-logo{width:64px;height:64px;flex-basis:64px;background:#ffffffeb;box-shadow:0 2px 8px #23408f08}
.profile-school-logos .school-logo>span{transform:scale(.78);flex-shrink:0}
/* Readable body typography from News onward. */
#news .recent-news-list p{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.85}
#news .recent-news-list a{font-size:1rem}
#news .news-date{font-size:.95rem}
#news .recent-news-list article{grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr);padding:1.15rem 0}
#news>div{max-width:820px;width:100%}
#news .prose{max-width:none;width:100%}
#papers .pub-list-item{font-size:1.075rem;line-height:1.85}
#papers .li-cite-author{font-size:1.025rem}
#papers .pub-list-item .btn{font-size:.95rem}
#activities .activity-list h3{font-size:1.15rem}
#activities .activity-list p,#activities .activity-list a{font-size:1rem}
#activities .activity-list time{font-size:.95rem}
#background p,#background .prose{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.85}
#background time{font-size:.95rem}
#teaching .teaching-row p,#service .service-row p,#service .languages p{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.85}
#teaching .teaching-row h3,#service .service-row h3{font-size:1.15rem}
#honors .honors-list li>div{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.75}
#honors .honors-list li>span,#honors .honors-list small{font-size:.95rem}
#contact .prose{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.85}
@media(max-width:700px){
 #news .recent-news-list p,#papers .pub-list-item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8}
 #news .recent-news-list article{grid-template-columns:76px minmax(0,1fr);gap:.75rem}
 #news .news-date{font-size:.85rem}
 #news .recent-news-list a,#papers .li-cite-author{font-size:.95rem}
}
.publication-owner,.publication-owner a{font-weight:700!important}.publication-author-note{font-size:.9em;font-weight:500;color:#23408f}.dark .publication-author-note{color:#a8c2ff}

.publication-note-marker{font-size:.7em;vertical-align:super;line-height:0;margin-left:.1em}
#papers .publication-footnote,.publication-footnote{font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.5;color:#68758a;margin:.3rem 0 .4rem;font-weight:400}.dark .publication-footnote{color:#9aa7bc}

/* School emblems sit beside the biography, separate from the portrait. */
.bio-with-institutions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 76px;gap:1.5rem;align-items:start}
.bio-with-institutions>.prose{min-width:0;max-width:none}
.bio-school-logos{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:1.6rem;padding-top:.25rem}
.bio-school-logos .school-logo{width:72px;height:72px;flex:0 0 72px;background:transparent;border:0;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0}
.bio-school-logos .school-logo>span{transform:scale(.9);flex-shrink:0}
@media(max-width:767px){.bio-with-institutions{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}.bio-school-logos{flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;gap:1.25rem;padding-top:.5rem}.bio-school-logos .school-logo{width:64px;height:64px;flex-basis:64px}.bio-school-logos .school-logo>span{transform:scale(.8)}}

.bio-main-column{min-width:0}.bio-with-institutions{width:100%;min-width:0}.bio-with-institutions>.prose{width:100%;min-width:0}

/* Compact research cards within the biography. */
#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.8rem;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:1.3rem 0 0}
#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li{margin:0;padding:1rem 1.2rem;border:1px solid #8aa5d34d;border-radius:16px;background:linear-gradient(120deg,#ffffffd9,#eaf5ffb3);box-shadow:0 3px 12px #23408f06;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.75;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s}
#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li strong{display:block;margin-bottom:.2rem;color:#23408f;font-size:1.04rem}
#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li:hover{border-color:#5275b480;box-shadow:0 5px 18px #23408f0c}
.dark #about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li{background:linear-gradient(120deg,#18243ce6,#142b3bb3);border-color:#7297d34d;color:#dbe5f3}
.dark #about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li strong{color:#a8c4ff}
@media(max-width:700px){#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li{padding:.9rem 1rem;font-size:.97rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#about .bio-text .research-interest-cards>li{transition:none}}

/* Compact section rhythm: avoid stacking outer and biography padding. */
.hbb-section{padding-top:2rem!important;padding-bottom:2rem!important}
#about.hbb-section{padding-top:2.5rem!important;padding-bottom:2rem!important}
#about .resume-biography{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
#about .bio-summary{margin-bottom:0!important}
.hbb-section h2{margin-bottom:1.25rem}
#about .bio-summary>div:first-child{margin-bottom:1.5rem}
#papers .all-publications{margin-top:1.25rem}
#papers .pub-list-item{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}
#activities .activity-list article{padding-top:1.2rem;padding-bottom:1.2rem}
#background>div.flex.flex-col{gap:2.5rem}
#background h2{margin-bottom:1.5rem}
#teaching .teaching-row,#service .service-row{margin-bottom:1.2rem}
@media(max-width:700px){.hbb-section{padding-top:1.5rem!important;padding-bottom:1.5rem!important}#about.hbb-section{padding-top:1.75rem!important;padding-bottom:1.5rem!important}}